The value of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The value of Life - Essay Example There is a challenge in addressing issues such as killing for the societal good. The case of the drug peddler avoiding police arrest and continues creating havoc creates a serious challenge especially when eliminated in non-legal manner. The difference between the non-legal manner and the legal approach is handling the matter creates a minimal difference in the society. In the case of the drug peddler, the taking of the law into their hands by the headmaster presents a challenge for the case when ethics and law is compared. Personal ethics is governed by a personal code of conduct which stipulates how a person will relate to each other. Personal code of ethics contains ten main aspects that must always be looked into so as to have a perfect relationship with the society. Honesty is a value with utmost importance because it will encourage the development trust of the society on the individual. It will also help in the creation of identifiable character of a person. The creation of int egrity will be associated with the image created on issues such addressed by the person. Responsibility is a virtue that must be present in every individual, because it creates harmony on the activities undertaken by individual by associating him with the activities and activities undertaken. ... As seen in the action of the police, the society developed distrust in the police. Trust is a value that is built over time but indispensable in the harmony of the society because it gives freedom to the individuals within the organization. It is vital that one does not change who he is, because others want him to, but create a personal image that will be appreciated by others. However, it times of crisis such a drug problem in the society, individuals in the society can view the solution taken by the Head teacher is the best. The support given to the Head teacher and the admission to the teacher on the matter makes the situation complex. In fact, even after accepting the responsibility, the lawyer has adamantly stated that the clients not guilty of the murder. Legal environment offers a challenge to the ethical belief of the society. The society teaches of honest and truthful as the virtues essential in maintaining harmony. However, telling the truth in such a case will lead to seri ous imprisonment for the Head teacher. Telling the truth is a value in the personal ethics that help in understanding of the prevailing conditions of every situation due to the truth shared in the context. The action of the Head teacher is justified through the action of the society. The society appreciates the involvement of the teacher in solving the perennial problem of drugs within the society. Initially, the society had experienced peace and tranquility until the arrival of the bad apples in the society. The appreciation of the harmony and tranquility witnessed in the past indicated the level of personal ethics and social responsibility of the society. Appreciation is a value in personal ethics paramount, in relationship building, because it will influence

Internet Auctions in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Internet Auctions in China - Essay Example Though E-commerce is thus still in infant stage in China there has been a continuous growth in the business. "Already, some 6 million people a day shop on the internet in China. The vast majority are young people living in large cities. There are now 43 million registered online shoppers, and their purchases may total US$6.4 billion in 2007, a year-on-year leap of more than 60 percent" (Daniel 2007) China Center for Information Industry Development Consulting (CCID Consulting) has presented a report which estimates the total online transactions of China at US $ 14 billion amounting to a growth of 51 percent over the 2005 year volume of business. The report also indicates that about 99 percent of the business undertakings of China belong to Small and Medium sector and out of these only 3 percent deal through internet. This is the kind of volume of business and market EBay and Taobao are contesting to share. With this background this paper envisages presenting a detailed report on the functionalities of EBay and Taobao being the major competitors in the ecommerce business in China. The paper also analyses the differences between such functions and the qualities of services being provided by both the contenders. When alternative choices exist the customers would obviously prefer one over the other. In this case also the paper analyses the reasons for the preference of Taobao than the EBay. 2.0 Evolution of Online Business in China: Although online business is in existence in China even from the year 1998, its growth was rather sluggish. This was mainly due to the lack of trust among the purchasers and sellers and the absence of an effective payment settlement system. It has been the tradition of China that the buyer before completing the online transaction would like to meet the seller, check the quality of the product, pay the money in hard cash and take delivery of the products. Ironically enough the outbreak of SARS in China had discouraged people going out of their homes and meet strangers. This has reduced the chances of the buyers meeting the sellers and thus SARS had removed the Trust barrier in the online business. Normally eBay was handling the US and European markets which were highly developed and were nearing the saturation point. EBay even persuaded corporate customers to off load their excess inventories in their website. However the situation in China when EBay entered was totally unregulated wit h the buyers and sellers consisting of individuals with lack of trust on each other. With the passage of time the online business developed very well with the sellers finding it interesting to offer their products to the foreign buyers as they see it as an opportunity to increase their profitability. The modus operandi is to buy the cheaper products from large local factories, use marketing techniques like AdWords Google or other search engines and get the products listed in the EBay to sell

Madurai Essay Example for Free

Madurai Essay Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world with a recorded history from 3rd century BC. [3]Megasthenes visited Madurai during 3rd century BC, with the city referred as Methora in his accounts. [9] The view is contested by some scholars as they believe Methora refers to the north Indian city of Mathura as it was a large and established city in the Mauryan Empire. [15] The city is also mentioned in Kautilyas (370–283 BC)[16] Arthashastra. Madurai finds mention in the works of Roman historians Pliny the Younger (61 – ca. 12 CE), Ptolemy (ca. 90 – ca. CE 168), those of the Greek geographerStrabo(64/63 BCE – ca. 24 CE). and also in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea After the Sangam age, most of present day Tamil Nadu, including Madurai, came under the rule of the Kalabhras dynasty, who were ousted by the Pandyas around 590 CE. The Pandyas were outsted from Madurai by the Chola dynasty during the early 9th century. The city remained under control of the Cholas until the early 13th century, when the second Pandyan empire was established with Madurai as its capital. After the death of Kulasekara Pandian (1268–1308 CE), Madurai came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate. , The Madurai Sultanate, then seceded from Delhi functioned as an independent kingdom till its gradual annexation by the Vijayanagar Empire in 1378 CE. Madurai became independent from Vijayanagar in 1559 CE under the Nayaks. Nayak rule ended in 1736 CE and Madurai was repeatedly captured several times byChanda Sahib (1740 – 1754 CE), ArcotNawab and Muhammed Yusuf Khan (1725 – 1764 CE) in the middle of 18th century. In 1801, Madurai came under the direct control of the British East India Company and was annexed to the Madras Presidency. The British government made donations to the Meenakshi temple and participated in the Hindu festivals during the early part of their rule. The city was devolved as a political and industrial complex through the 19th and 20th centuries to become a district headquarters of a larger Madurai district. With the effect of urbanisation, the temple no longer retained the unitary form, but continued to remain the centre for Hindus. In 1837, under the order of the then collector John Blackburn, the fortifications around the temple were demolished to accommodate the growing population of the city. The moat was drained and the debris was used to construct the new streets – Veli, Marat and Perumaal Mesthiri streets. The city was constituted as a municipality in 1866 CE. The British government faced initial hiccups in land ceiling and tax collection in Madurai and Dindigul districts under the direct administration of the officers of the government. The district at large was resurveyed between 1880 and 1885 CE and settled between 1885 and 1893 CE. The survey showed an under assessment of around 8 per cent in the old survey. Five municipalities were constituted in these two districts and six taluk boards were derived for local administration. Police stations were established with Madurai city as the headquarters of the District Superintendent. It was in Madurai, in 1921, that Gandhi, pre-eminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India, adopted loin cloth for the first time as his mode of dress after seeing agricultural labourers wearing it. [29] The independence movement in Madurai was led by leaders such as N. M. R. Subbaraman and Mohammad Ismail Sahib.

Behavioural Theories of Child Development

Behavioural Theories of Child Development Alyshea Davies Child development and welfare Development and child rearing 2.1 – Explain the extent to which conditioning has been used in the shaping behaviour The method shaping is involved in calculated reinforcement which is behaviour trained to them by the trainer. The trainer rewards them for crude approximations of a desired action. One the trainer then rewards then with a behaviour reward this is one step closer towards their target. As the people/animal reaches each behaviour target the older behavioural rewards are stopped which then help to encourage their process towards their desired behaviour. Shaping uses an operant conditioning to help to train a subject by rewarding them properly for their good behaviour and discouraging their improper behaviour. B.F. Skinner enforces heavily within the reinforcement or punishment so that the successive approximations of certain behaviours. The reinforcement helps to strengthen the behaviour that comes before it, it can either have a positive or negative outcome. Positive reinforcement is the person/animal attaining the access to a reward, whilst the negative reinforcement involving taking something away from the situation. Both positive and negative behaviour encourages reinforcement, punishments on people/animals could have a positive or negative outcome. Positive punishments is an undesirable consequence on the person/animal whereas a negative punishment removed the access to desire a reward. B.F Skinner performed shaping experiments, he experimented on a lot of animals which included rats. He would put the rats into skinner boxes that monitored their behaviour, he would release food for the rats and when the rats initially entered the box skinner would reward the rat. Each reward would increase of the desired behaviour. This have been tested on humans to and has the same reactions. 2.2 – Discuss the appropriateness of behavioural method in terms of effectiveness and ethics A discipline is something that can help a child fit into the real world and be happy and effectively. It helps to develop the child’s own self-discipline. Effective and positive discipline is not being nasty it is teaching and helping to guide children, not forcing them to obey it’s teach them how to live in the real world. Even though they point out unacceptable behaviour of the child, the child should know that their parents do love them and support them they need to be taught between right and wrong. Being a parent is not just about watching a child it’s about raising the child and providing them with all the necessary materials and emotional care that they need also their physical, emotional, cognitive and social development. Any parent finds that discipline their child is the most difficult but the most important responsibility they have and there are no shortcuts to it. Every parent must teach their child about limits and acceptable behaviour. The main aim of effective discipline so that the child behaviours appropriately so that they will be raised up to be an emotionally mature adult. The main reason for foundation of effective discipline is for respect and how to learn to respect others. All children should be able to respect their parents. Hard discipline such as verbal abuse, shouting or calling your child names will make it hard for your child to respect or trust you as the parent. An effective discipline means a discipline applied with mutual respect in a firm, fair, reasonable and consistent way not a hard and angry way. The goal of this is to help and protect a child from danger and to help a child learn self-discipline and develop healthy conscience. But hitting a child hard may lead to them discipline someone in the wrong way, and this could cause another person to become hurt. 2.3 – Critically evaluate the use of power assertion techniques in enforcing restrictions, compare with other psychological methods Authoritarian parents could go over the top and end up hurting a child instead of teaching them what good behaviour is and looks like from reinforcement may be more beneficial as if Bandura is right and kids to copy their parents and could become aggressive as their parents are the people that they look at to and their parents are the child’s role models. The critics of bandura said that any parent may not be the only imitated the child looks up to they could look up to parents, older siblings. So the child is more likely to be copied and consequently a parent beating the child may be imitated. 3.1 – define social learning and relate experimental evidence Albert Bandura has proposed a social learning theory which has become one of the most influential theory’s for learning and developing. Bandura believed that leading a child into the direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning that they need. Behavioural theories of learning suggested that learning of children was the result of associations which were formed by conditioning, reinforcement and punishment. Bandura’s social learning theory proposed that a child learning can also happen simply by watching others and picking up on the stuff they do. This is known as observational learning or modelling. He quoted †¦.. Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behaviour is learned observationally through modelling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action. -Albert Bandura,Social Learning Theory, 1977 Bandura done Bobo doll experiments, he said that children learn their behaviour they have watched within other people around them. The children he studied all observed an adult acting very violent towards the Bobo dolls. When the children were playing in the room later on with the Bobo dolls, they were aggressive this is because they watched the adults being aggressive earlier on and they must of fort the behaviour was a normal way to act towards the Bobo dolls. 3.2 – critically evaluate the impact of modelling on child development Children learn appropriate behaviour and learn how to follow rules and emotional attachment with their family also depends on how the child behaves. Children watch their parents say â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† and they tend to copy whereas if they did not say it the would copy and have no manners at all and people would label them as â€Å"rude and not polite†. The importance of an adult modelling is that it has an impact on the child’s behaviour. The negative side of child modelling is the adult’s bad behaviour such as using alcohol, tobacco and drugs both illegal and legal. This will teach the children in their eyes that this is right to do, when it’s not alcohol may cause the adult to become aggressive and the child will think that this behaviour is normal and start to act this way towards other people. Conditions Using Novel object to hit the Bebo doll Exhibiting non aggressive actions Model being praised Child 1 from video 1 2 1 Child 2 from video 1 6 0 Child 3 Girl Aged 5 3 2 Child 4 Boy Aged 3 4 0 Child 5 Girl Aged 4 3 2 Child 6 Boy Aged 4 4 1 Model being punished Child 1 Boy Aged 3 2 5 Child 2 Boy Aged 5 1 6 Child 3 Girl Aged 4 0 3 Child 4 Girl Aged 5 0 5 Child 5 Girl Aged 4 1 4 Child 6 Boy Aged 4 2 5 Title A study to investigate whether children learn from observing a model exhibiting aggressive behaviour to a Bobo doll Table of contents NEXT SHOULD COME YOUR TABLE OF CONTENTS, WHICH INCLUDE PAGE NUMBERS Abstract DO NOT WRITE UNTIL REPORT IS COMPLETE Induction Bandura was a behaviourist he believed that children’s behaviour could be shaped by operant conditioning or through classical conditioning. This would help to improve punishment, negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement. Bandura also found that the original theory for this was called â€Å"clumsy† that would of meant that all behavioural problems that would have had to been shaped. If he did not do this he would not of been able to live as we do today now in our complex social societies. Bandura took one step further by testing on Bobo dolls for his experimenting to see how a child behaviour after their parents were aggressive towards the Bobo dolls. This then showed him that the children were aggressive afterwards when their parents left the room and they were left to play with them. Condoning have also been used to help shape animals behaviour and this have also been related to us humans by training us how to say â€Å"thank you and please†. Reinforcem ent is how an adult has the power over a child and how a child is punished in good and bad ways. This helps the child when they are growing up to learn the difference between right and wrong. Aim The aim of this test is to find out do children copy their parents and are they modelled by them. For example, a Bobo doll was used in the test the children watched their patents hit the Bobo doll and become aggressive towards it, and once the children were left alone with the Bobo doll they done the same thing they started to hit the doll and they become aggressive towards the doll. Hypothesis I found the hypothesis was true after the children’s parents were aggressive towards the Bobo dolls and the children were watching them. Once the parents left the room and the children were left to play with the Bobo dolls the children become aggressive towards the dolls like their parents. None of the children were non aggressive towards the dolls. The null hypothesis has no significant difference between condition 1 which is the child who are being praised and condition 2 is where the child is being punished when they are acting aggressive towards the Bobo dolls. Method This was an observation experiment I watched videos and carry out charts to see how the children acted with the Bobo doll after their parents were aggressive with it first. Throughout the independent subject design there was parents and children. The parent was female and was hitting the Bobo doll first then the first child was a boy and the second child was a girl. The apparatus was the video of the parent and children who were aggressive towards the Bobo doll and I had to do a mark sheet (which is above) and write down the aggressive and non-aggressive acts. I also used a stop watch to observe the time used throughout the experiment. Result The results of my descripitive statics, are the graphs and the results of the statistical test that I carried out below: Inferential statistics/ treatment of result I used a parametic test over a non-parametic test because this test helped me to make assumptions about the parameters of population distribution from the charts that are shown on my results, whereas a non-parametic test is one that makes no such assumption. I compared two different groups of participants the one group was the children who was punished after becoming aggressive towards the Bobo doll and the other group was the children who was being praised. After the data I have collected I have decided that the result of treatment is nominal.

Be Who You Are :: essays research papers

Be Who You Are I know it’s Christmas and everyone is filled with the holiday spirit, or at least I hope you are. Instead of giving you some sappy holiday story though, I’m going to pitch you something real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are there some days where you feel you just can’t stand people because of the way they act? Or, are there just some people that you can’t stand because of their clothes, appearance, or maybe even the people they chill with? Just let me ask you one question, why? Don’t know? Of course you don’t. A study done by Jessica Hopkins at Northern Kentucky University can help you better understand why you do these things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Social identity theory predicts a correlation between self-esteem and acceptance of others under the assumption that an individual with low self-esteem would satisfy the need for in-group favoritism by expressing prejudice. Our results support the hypothesis that individuals with low self-esteem are less accepting of others,† states Hopkins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This simply means that most people our age have a problem with self esteem, and according to the statement, one would judge others because of their friends and a need to â€Å"belong† to a certain group. You know it’s true. I see it everyday. It is normal for teenagers to judge and create prejudice. Otherwise your friends would make fun of you and you wouldn’t be â€Å"cool† anymore. Here is your next brain teaser. Why do you care what your friends think? This means that they are judging you, and what a coincidence, you and the people you hurt are in the same boat! How about that? Number two, are they really your friends if they do that to you? I didn’t think so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So why are you going to sit there and be an associate of this hate crime. Or, in your terms, â€Å"Why you gotta sit there and be a hater?† There is an old school saying that says â€Å" What goes around comes around.† Well my friend, if you don’t watch yourself it might be coming to you. Of course there are going to be people different from you, everybody is different. The goal is to be unique and be your own person. Be Who You Are :: essays research papers Be Who You Are I know it’s Christmas and everyone is filled with the holiday spirit, or at least I hope you are. Instead of giving you some sappy holiday story though, I’m going to pitch you something real.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Are there some days where you feel you just can’t stand people because of the way they act? Or, are there just some people that you can’t stand because of their clothes, appearance, or maybe even the people they chill with? Just let me ask you one question, why? Don’t know? Of course you don’t. A study done by Jessica Hopkins at Northern Kentucky University can help you better understand why you do these things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Social identity theory predicts a correlation between self-esteem and acceptance of others under the assumption that an individual with low self-esteem would satisfy the need for in-group favoritism by expressing prejudice. Our results support the hypothesis that individuals with low self-esteem are less accepting of others,† states Hopkins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This simply means that most people our age have a problem with self esteem, and according to the statement, one would judge others because of their friends and a need to â€Å"belong† to a certain group. You know it’s true. I see it everyday. It is normal for teenagers to judge and create prejudice. Otherwise your friends would make fun of you and you wouldn’t be â€Å"cool† anymore. Here is your next brain teaser. Why do you care what your friends think? This means that they are judging you, and what a coincidence, you and the people you hurt are in the same boat! How about that? Number two, are they really your friends if they do that to you? I didn’t think so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So why are you going to sit there and be an associate of this hate crime. Or, in your terms, â€Å"Why you gotta sit there and be a hater?† There is an old school saying that says â€Å" What goes around comes around.† Well my friend, if you don’t watch yourself it might be coming to you. Of course there are going to be people different from you, everybody is different. The goal is to be unique and be your own person.

Essay --

1. Operational Strengths and Weaknesses a. Horizontal Analysis This type of analysis compares the percent and amount of changes from year to year. The analysis is performed on both the income statement and balance sheet to detect trends and identify any issues. This can be a very useful analysis especially when more than two years of data is available. With this analysis and various others a good understanding of how the company is operating can be seen. Revenue Section The income statement shows both strengths and weaknesses. There is a jump in net sales from year 6 to year 7 by 33%; this is a substantial increase for the company and strength. In year eight compared to year seven, the company has seen a decrease in net sales by 15%. Net sales show to be rather unstable and a possible source of weakness as well. The reduction in revenue is ultimately due to the current economic situations; which could be attributed to funding cuts by sponsors for some of the riders. This kind of up and down in net sales may be common for the company over the years to come. The company should also consider having a product to balance this out. Since their main source of sales is a specialty item it would benefit the company to have additional products that are more main stream to even out sales in the future. However, unit sales will most likely stay below year sevens high of 4,342,000, it is expected that unit sales will increase over the next three years to make up for its decline in year eight. Cost of good sold has moved with the net sales, which is a positive note. This means the company is not spending more on products than sales allow, and purchasing is projecting accurately. However, there may be opportunity for the company to reduce the ... ...to reduce interest can help increase this ratio, as well as increasing sales. Overall all in the ratio analysis the company has several areas of strengths and several areas of weakness. It would benefit the company to reduce their expenses and increase sales to improve these numbers over time. The company is also struggling to keep up with competitors in several areas, and much of that could be combated with increased sales and better expense control. 2. Working Capital Currently Competition Bike Inc. working capital is positive. The company has more assets than they do liabilities. The company has seen a decrease in their assets in the last year but the company’s liabilities have also decreased. The company’s working capital ratio has remained around 2.1 for the last three years. This is very positive for the company, a ratio between 1.2 to 2.0 is recommended.

Organizational Design

Founded in 2007, Noida Lab was conceptualized with a vision to provide a competitive R&D platform in wireless technology. Headquartered in Noida, aligning with ABC’s vision, Noida Lab is one of the fastest-growing companies in the mobile software sector. Noida Lab produces efficient and dynamic mobile software that continually pushes the boundaries of innovation to meet latest technology and provide the high quality products. JourneyABC Ltd. has established Noida Lab in 2007 in India with a firm belief towards success and the realistic goals. Noida Lab has transformed itself into one the most competitive and proficient R&D centers of ABC Ltd. worldwide. It is focused on embedded and PC software development for ABC Ltd., in a variety of areas related to Mobile Phones. Noida Lab started its operations with Regional Adaptation and Multimedia testing while focusing to bring great innovations and latest technologies in the era of wireless communications. Noida Lab is engaged in dev elopment of latest mobile software for all range of handsets.Noida Lab also focuses on Quality assurance which includes automation Testing, protocol testing, white box testing and GCF certifications Noida Lab is involved in development and testing of extensive range of mobiles software by the combination of exceptional talent and superior technology. The focus of Noida Lab is to produce best quality mobile phone software in both CDMA and GSM technologies.The center has talented engineers for carrying out R&D works having development and quality teams. The research and development activities are carried out in ideal manner to stabilize every model in terms of quality, features and enhancement. The dedicated team works in coordination with other centers across the world to produce high quality mobiles considering various factors such as market research, target customers, competing products etc.Organizational’ Size & HierarchyTotal employee size of the organization is approx. 20 00 employees and the average age of employees 30. Majority of senior management is home-country based and work in line with the local managers. Also many have come through transfer from other group’s subsidiaries.Chapter 1Consider your organization and identify the stage where it creates maximum value? What are the reasons? Also identify untapped opportunity for value creation by HR department of your organization. In growing complexities, it’s utmost important for the organization to redesign and transform its structure and culture to move from present state to the desired future state and thus increase effectiveness , also creating value and enhanced performance Creation of Maximum value.Since the company has recently developed its operations, it’s essential to focus at every level and identify strategies to engage human resources. HR team identified various initiatives during entire employee life cycle. Noida Lab has laid down some of the best example in thei r transformation process since the company is willing to have an impact: Flattening: Too many levels of hierarchy slow decision-making and are a barrier to empowerment. During the initial growth of the organization, ABC had many levels between the employee and the senior management.Decisions had to pass through many levels of approval before anything got done. Budding Bureaucracy was crushed and de-centralized was encouraged to tap the younger workforce’s mind. This change not only helped the employee but also the customers/ clients linked with the company. Strong emphasis on Onboarding: Comprehensive onboarding programs have been shown to have dramatic and lasting positive effects on retention and engagement rates of new employees. HR created on-boarding toolkit to for every department which included full series of trainings and seminars over an employee’s first year aiming to bring newest employees up to speed efficiently.Research shows that employees make the critic al decision to stay or leave within the first six months and that having the newest talent participate in an onboarding program can â€Å"maximize retention, engagement, and productivity† (HCI White Paper, 2008). More inclined workforce can serve client with better inclination through achieving results with passion.Organization’s success depends in large part on how well employees communicate – with each other as well as with various stakeholders. ‘We Learn’ Club is launched to engage employee to enhance communication and provide healthy engagement platform at workplace. There are various meetings  conducted among teams, team-managers, team-HR, and employees-senior management. Also included are monthly meetings through which all the organizational updates are shared with the employees and changes are launched. These approaches encourage information sharing amongst each and every level in the organization. With effect, employees are more compassion ate while dealing with client’s requirements, proving success in the projects.Learning & Development: ABC has a vision that it can’t develop unless there are strategic options for an employee to develop himself. There has been training programs right for a new joinee to a long lasting employee. Employees should observe that there is a growth opportunity for them and perceive the company as a development institution. Company has made tie-up with 2-3 top universities to provide higher education assistance program. On-line learning platforms like Learntrak and Harvard Mentor are available free of cost, also certifications options are available. Company has also identified SMEs (Subject Matter Expert) to identify and highlight budding talent within the company. With improved â€Å"Internal processes’ and focused â€Å"internal Customers†, company can achieve the success in its value chain.ABC has recognized certain values as important to corporate ethics and operational success. To make these values pervade at all levels there are many un-tapped opportunity. Creating a values statement for an organization involves examining the organization's purpose and goals. Once it is clear where the organization wants to go through the value creation process (input, conversion, and output), objectives can be achieved. ABC vision laid emphasis highly on customer satisfaction with effectiveness whereas same can be achieved if employees are treated highly valued and their attitudes, interests and preferences are more stable. Customer value proposition play an important role in meeting above objectives.Chapter 2Identify important conflicts involving employees and other stakeholder groups in your organization. Explain inducement and contributions for relevant stakeholders involved. Is there any ethical issue involved in above mentioned conflict? Which ethical model is appropriate for solving identified ethical issue?Stakeholders can be defined in many ways and different kinds of entities can be stakeholders, such as persons, groups inside as well as outside an organization. The stakeholders act according to their interest and use their power to influence the product in the direction they desire. To develop good working relationships with colleagues and stakeholders, and to avoid conflict, it is essential to share a common purpose. Often conflicts are observed which can induce the scope for inefficiency.a. Interventions: Ambiguity in roles and demand often lead to interventions which displace ownership and hinder performance. Through management skills, stakeholders should be able to identify what these conflicts might be before entering into the communication process and hence the opportunity to intervene early.b. Clear Communication: There are no gaps if communication is clear. In organization, right from main vision to mission and even team goals, all should be strategically aligned and link in meeting each other’s object ives. One process output should be value input for the next, hence clear communication through positive relationship is important to prevent conflicts of interest and find a common purpose to agree on.c. Complex behavior: Since organization deal with human which is complex, hence difficult behavior are encountered often within stakeholders. It’s necessary to be assertive but use neutral language to defuse any aggression. Stakeholder mapping using power/interest matrix as adapted from Mendelow (1981) and Johnson & Scholes (1993) can be used as a powerful tool to identify contribution of every stakeholders. ABC ltd. has developed similar approach as mentioned in the fig below. They indicated that power and dynamism are relevant factors; low to high and static to dynamic.Too often relationships with stakeholders are conducted in an ad hoc or intuitive manner. A strategic approach (a plan with clear objectives, milestones and an evaluation) builds better ongoing relationships and is more likely to realize the benefits for the department and the stakeholders. There can be enormous ethical issues if the stakeholder management is not  proper in the organization. Keeping in view working model of ABC Ltd, below are some instances records: Stakeholders Group and Issuesindicators Employees Pay and Benefits Atleast minimum legal wage or local cost of living is incorporated Employee diversity Percentage of diverse groups and designed policies to cater different gender and races as equal Communication open-door policies/ ombudsmen Customers Product authencity/ quality/ safety No of defects/ recalled projects Customer complaint management Availability of set procedures and system to cater all queries Customer service Measures/ practices adopted to ensure effective service delivery Investors Transparency Availability of procedures to inform shareholders about corporate activities Stakeholder rights management litigation involving violations of shareholder rights Community/ Society development Public health and safety protection Availability of emergency-response plan Minimizing the use of energy Type, amount, and designation of waste generatedThe model of human behavior called the economic man model has been identified to solve ethical issues, which assumed the following: The decision-maker had access to perfect information concerning all aspects of the decision situation. The decision-maker could process all the relevant information when identifying and diagnosing problems. The decision-maker could identify all possible solutions to a problem and evaluate the outcomes of each alternative solution.Multiple goals of an organization could be combined into a single, simple mathematical equation. A rational decision-maker would always select the alternative solution that would produce the maximum benefit to the organization. All decision-makers process information in the same manner and make similar decisions.Chapter 31. Map generic and specific environment related to trainin g initiatives in your organization. How will you rank identified elements. As a statistically-based method to reduce variation in organization’s processes, Six Sigma is used as an all-encompassing business performance methodology. This has helped ABC labs to Align their business strategy to critical improvement efforts thus Mobilize teams to attack high impact projects, accelerate improved business results and also govern efforts to ensure improvements are sustained. Since the launch of Six Sigma, it helped the organization to increase their effectiveness by 60% and provided ample security checks for improvement. Other important aspect is developing leadership skills in the organization which is itself a very complex task.Amongst senior cadre in the company are people from diverse background, ethnicity and race, hence was key focus area. As part of its HR initiatives, the company conducted advanced programmes such as Foundations of Organization Learning (FOL) and Visionary an d Leadership Planning (VLP). It also conducted a series of communication exercises about the change initiatives to all its employees across the country. ABC labs are also using 360 degree purely as a leadership development tool, completely separate from  annual appraisals, which are mostly about meeting targets. ABC's top executives have each been assessed by at least four subordinates, four peers and their immediate boss. Each executive, in turn, has assessed at least ten others. Given that the 360 degree assessment form is five pages long and contains 50 questions, this makes for a massive logistic exercise.But assessing only the top management doesn't quite serve the purpose, since it is the middle managers that need to be promoted to senior leadership positions to meet the organization’s talent needs. Also to get around this, ABC labs has designated counselors, called Leadership Group Facilitators (LGF), senior managers who are not in the recipients immediate work orbit , assigned the task of presenting the feedback dossier and immediately discussing its findings.Strategy mapping is a powerful business tool. Strategy maps show graphically how organizations create value for customers and stakeholders. Good strategy maps communicate strategic intent internally and externally, and are one of the most effective communication tools an organization can use to build alignment, accountably, and a focus on results. Hence ABC labs has created well defined performance management system which binds individual KRAs with identified Organization’s competencies.Out of strategic initiatives, Balance scorecard is the most prominent and identified element. ABC labs started with critical approach about â€Å"what† and â€Å"why†, before â€Å"how†. Remember, performance improvement initiatives are â€Å"how’s†; organization vision, goals, and strategy are â€Å"why’s† and â€Å"what’s†. This strateg y was entirely focused to develop all the stakeholders within and outside the organization. Missing pieces like customer value proposition, strategic themes, mission and results in financial perspective was aligned through the Balance card.2. Based on resource dependence theory, identify one good and one bad illustration for inter-organizational relationship (which involve some other organization) involving your chosen firm.Key researchers Dean and Sharfman, (1993); Dutton, (1993) & Haley and Stumph,(1989) studies the nature of the decision and says that research into  decision making cognition and labeling suggests that the same internal or external stimulus may be interpreted quite differently by managers in different organizations or even within the same organization. Resource Dependence Theory tries to explain the relationship of different variables that affects decision making and also acts as a dominant approach in contemporary strategic management.Mergers and acquisitions h ave been one of the primary domains of inter-organizational action to be analyzed under a resource-dependence perspective. In past 1 year, ABC labs have acquired 2 business entities which lead to power imbalance. During acquisition, it was priority to ensure to enroll matrix structure as a way to create a balance between global product groups. As per the ABC Labs strategy, in this way management attention would be focused and balanced dimensions. Also given a clear specification of the purpose of a unit and of type of relationship with other units, unit managers will be able to work out most of the details for themselves.However the stakeholders of acquired companies were quite firm on maintaining the pre-dominant structure in their groups when got acquired. This created conflict, however with the series of management discussion and meetings, all were synced for the intended outcomes which include: An improved reporting structure that is helpful in complex decision making Efficient usage of shared resources that provide opportunities for skill development Competencies to deal with legitimate multiple sources of power, and The sharing of knowledge between divisionsThere were some inadvertent outcomes too which included excessive overheads in management, time losses with the frequent meetings also to resolve conflict and power struggle between divisions. ABC Labs is however being able to conceptualize now its organization structure and bring strategic power in action. Different theoretical approaches, such as institutional theory, strategic contingencies theory, resource dependency theory and decision-making theory were explored.